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How-to articles, tricks, and solutions about PYTHON-3.X

"Unicode Error "unicodeescape" codec can't decode bytes... Cannot open text files in Python 3

This error occurs when trying to open a file that contains escape characters (such as \) in the file path, and the escape characters are not being properly interpreted by Python.

python python-3.x unicode

Best way to convert string to bytes in Python 3?

In Python 3, you can convert a string to bytes using the bytes function.

string python character-encoding python-3.x

Convert bytes to a string

To convert a byte object into a string, you can use the decode() method.

string python python-3.x

Error "Import Error: No module named numpy" on Windows

This error message indicates that the Python interpreter is unable to find the numpy module, which is likely because it is not installed on your system.

import python python-3.x numpy scipy

error UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 0: invalid start byte

Here is an example of how to handle a UnicodeDecodeError caused by an invalid start byte:

UTF-8 python python-3.x

How can I flush the output of the print function?

To flush the output of the print function, you can use the flush parameter of the print function.

python printing python-3.x flush

How can I represent an 'Enum' in Python?

In Python, you can represent an Enum (enumeration) by using the enum module or by creating a class that inherits from enum.Enum.

python enums python-3.x

How do I type hint a method with the type of the enclosing class?

In Python, you can use the self keyword to refer to the instance of the enclosing class within a method.

python python-3.x pycharm type-hinting python-typing

How do I upgrade the Python installation in Windows 10?

To upgrade the Python installation in Windows 10, you can use the pip package manager.

python python-3.x

How do I use raw_input in Python 3?

In Python 3, the input() function can be used in place of raw_input() to read input from the user.

python python-3.x